Regulatory Directions: 2

The understanding that there are positive outcomes flowing from competition between agencies is long-standing, as is the desire of policymakers to encourage such inter-agency competition.1 As long ago as 1932, Justice Brandeis commented that the decentralised state system in the US should provide the states with room to experiment, especially for changing social and economic needs, thus leading to innovation.2 The scope and strength of these competitive pressures are capable of affecting the manner in which the agencies enforce their respective powers in any given case.

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