By Ewan Sutherland
The practice of surveillance began with the covert interception of mail, with telegram and telephone interception being added centuries later. These activities were undertaken by the police and secret police, later intelligence services, together with the post office, often without an explicit legal framework or checks and balances, but constrained by limited resources.
DownloadSurveillance creep has made the leap front and centre as the world responds to COVID-19. EWAN SUTHERLAND charts the shifts in technology, practice and norms.
- Intermedia Issue:
- Vol 48 Issue 1
- Issue Date:
- April 2020
- Theme:
- Content: innovation, regulation and markets, Privacy, Safety, Security
Ewan Sutherland
Consultant; Research Fellow, LINK Centre, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Research Associate, CRIDS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium 
